We propose a formal model of scienti c modeling, geared to ap-lications of decision theory and game theory. The model highlights the freedom that modelers have in conceptualizing social phenomena using general paradigms in these elds. It may shed some light on the distinctions between (i) refutation of a theory and a paradigm, (ii)notions of rationality, (iii) modes of application of decision models, and (iv) roles of economics as an academic discipline. Moreover, the model suggests that all four distinctions have some common features that are captured by the model.
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